Matéria publicada nesta sexta-feira (11/4), pela jornalista Daniela Chiaretti, no jornal Valor Econômico, informa sobre a assinatura do primeiro projeto de REDD (redução das emissões do desmatamento e da degradação) do Brasil em floresta nativa. O acordo foi assinado entre a rede de hotéis Marriott International, em Washington (EUA), e o governo do Estado do Amazonas. Pelo acordo, a rede Marriott fará uma doação de 2 milhões de dólares, durante quatro anos, para proteger e implementar a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS) do Juma e, em breve, hóspedes dos 3 mil hotéis da rede no mundo também poderão colaborar e, ao mesmo tempo, neutralizar suas emissões de dióxido de carbono doando uma pequena quantia para que árvores da Amazônia continuem em pé.
Segundo a matéria, não se trata de reflorestamento nem envolve operações de crédito de carbono, o que dá ineditismo à iniciativa. Trata-se de evitar emissões que aconteceriam se a floresta fosse desmatada. Com 590 mil hectares às margens do Rio Madeira, ao sul do Estado, a RDS do Juma possui 500 moradores que vivem do extrativismo. Conforme o sistema Prodes, do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), a reserva do Juma tem 4.696 hectares desmatados até 2006 – ou 0,8% de sua área total. O problema está no futuro, com a possível pavimentação da BR-319, que liga Porto Velho a Manaus, ao norte, e da BR-230, a Transamazônica, ao sul, além de outras obras de infra-estrutura, que acabam induzindo o desmatamento. Por este quadro, em 2008, a RDS do Juma pode ter 300 hectares de área desmatada e, em 2009, mais 700 hectares.
Os recursos do acordo – os primeiros 500 mil dólares devem ser repassados ao Estado em 180 dias -, serão aplicados para implementar a RDS, através do pagamento do Bolsa Floresta, no fortalecimento de associações comunitárias, na construção de bases de pesquisa, no monitoramento ambiental, entre outras. Com isso, espera-se evitar que as previsões de desmatamento – de um estudo do cartógrafo Britaldo Soares, da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – aconteçam. Com isso, o volume que a Reserva do Juma deixará de emitir, será repassado ao Marriott. A operação é voluntária e não há negociação de créditos de carbono na operação, mas calcula-se que um hectareg de reserva na Amazônia tem 104,5 toneladas de carbono ou 383 toneladas de dióxido de carbono.
A operação com o Marriott é montada em um tripé. De um lado, o governo do Amazonas; de outro, a rede hoteleira, e ainda a fundação Amazônia Sustentável, que gerenciará os serviços e produtos ambientais das 34 unidades de conservação do Estado. O modelo de REDD será submetido à certificação internacional. (Fonte: Valor Econômico)
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